Artis Singapore Seksi

Artis Singapore Seksi. Carcinogen: cancer-triggering substances: carcinogens (carcinogene) is a material which can lead to cancer or malignancy. Carcinogens can affect DNA or a protein whose role in the regulation of cell division cycle, such as the protooncogene or tumor supressorgene. In general, carcinogens can be divided into three groups, namely chemicals, radiation, and viruses. The three groups always exist in nature, and is expected to experience a sharp increase in line with the development of culture or human behavior. Chemical Ingredients: Cancer is a mysterious disease because the cause is not known with certainty.

However, in 1908 the disease began to be studied because it was reported that the incidence of cancer is very high in chemical industry workers, but at the moment unclear relationship between the chemical-mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis. In the course of time bare in mind that the chemicals can trigger a malignancy because it can cause mutations in DNA. The occurrence of malignant disease are grouped into two phases, namely initiation phase and promotion phase. This can be explained if the material is carcinogenic enters the body, then in the body of this material is directly experiencing the process of detoxification and then excreted. In addition, carcinogenic materials in advance is metabolized in the body.

Artis Singapore Seksi Then, the next metabolically detoxified and excreted. If this process can not be done by the body, then the results of carcinogenic metabolites will hold a bond with the DNA chain, so that DNA becomes defective (defect). As a result of the disability of DNA, the body tries to do the repair of DNA, known as DNA repair. When DNA repair is unsuccessful, the relevant cell (cells that have abnormal DNA) will be executed or destroyed. If the execution process is not able to be done by the body, these cells have DNA that is permanent disability. This condition is known as the initiation phase. Furthermore, cells that have DNA defects will experience proliferation and differentiation, and develop into malignant (malignant). This condition is known as the promotion phase. Basically the majority of carcinogenic chemicals have a property equally, that triggered a chemical gen.Bahan mutation that is as alkylating agents, which means that when individuals are exposed to these chemicals, then dart cell DNA on the individuals concerned will have "Alkylation" where there is methylation at base pairs Guanine nucleotide-ie having a 06-methylation of guanine or a bulky methyl group addition.

Artis Singapore Mesum

Artis Singapore Mesum Early Detection of Cancer: About 30% of cancer deaths could be prevented if detected and treated since awal.Tujuan early detection is to detect the presence of cancer cells before it had spread. Early detection can be done with notice early symptoms of cancer, such as persistent cough, persistent indigestion, dry mouth, chapped lips, and bleeding from the holes of the body. Also, it can also perform screening to identify cancer early, such as mammography for breast cancer and pap smear for cervical cancer (cervical cancer). Some cancers can be detected early, among others, breast cancer, cervical, prostate, and colorectal. However, not all types of cancer can be detected early.

The first. Early Detection of Breast Cancer - Knowing the normal conditions of the breast, do BSE (Breast Self-Check) and immediately check if there is any abnormality, such as a lump, breast asymmetry, or the presence of liquid blood-stained nipple. Test mammography every year since age 40. Women with a family history of breast and cervical cancer, are advised to undergo routine medical examinations.

Second. Early Detection of Cervical Cancer: Beware of excessive vaginal discharge and bleeding after sex. Detection started about 3 years after her first sexual intercourse. Pap smear test every year or vaginal fluid test every 2 years. Women over age 70 who have abnormal pap smear results during the last 10 years can stop cervical cancer screening. Women who had undergone total hysterectomi with the appointment of the cervix, no cervical cancer screening need to do anymore. Third. Prostate Cancer Detection: There is difficulty urinating in a long time and the increased frequency of urination at night. Test PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) and DRE (Digital Rectal Examination) is conducted every year from the age of 50 years. Men with high risk and family history of prostate cancer, should start detection since the age of 45 years.

And fourth. Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer : Early symptoms of colorectal cancer is visible is the change in eating habits, body weight continued to fall, anemia, and there is blood in the stool. From the age of 50 years men and women are encouraged to undergo one of the following examination.: (a). Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years. (b). Colonoscopy every 10 years. (c). Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) or fecal Immunochernical Test (FIT) every year.

Artis Singapore Hot

Artis Singapore Hot Test of breast cancer screening: Early detection of disease allows the best hope for healing with minimal intervention. The success of therapy often depends depends on the Spread (stage) and biological characteristics (degree and nature) of disease. they can deteriorate over time. A successful screening strategy should: (a). Aimed at a disease that is commonly found and dangerous. (b). Using a simple screening test, cheap safe and valid. (c). Allows curative therapy, which if started early to have a significant impact on life expectancy. Although bersitat observational, cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (randomized controlled trial) has demonstrated the benefits some screening programs but still there are some.

Problems: 1. Screening can lead to anxiety. 2. Screening may only increase the latent period (time before onset of symptoms). Screening may only increase the detection of cancers are more indolent, which may never be clinically apparent. When inserted into the cancer that has clinical relevance, these cancers are apparently increases the percentage of cases of early and overall life expectancy. At the screening one of the earliest indications of reduced mortality in the future is the decline in absolute amount (not percentage) in cases with advanced stage disease.

The impact of screening has been limited by a very large target population. difficulty in follow-up, low compliance, and poor sensitivity test with a high number of false positives. In 1963 conducted a randomized cancer screening test first time with melaktukan mammography in breast cancer, using death as the endpoint. This was followed by several studies that support this approach. It is clear that screening with mammography in women aged 50-69 years reduces breast cancer mortality by 30%. There is controversy regarding screening in women aged 40-49 years because: (a). Although breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women that age. However, the incidence and death rates were lower in this age group. (b). Until recently, randomized controlled trials conducted memherikan too small for statistical results that are not in doubt. (c). Sensitivity of mammography was lower in the denser breast tissue. (e). There is a relative incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is higher.

Mammography two sides making the diagnosis more than twice as many patients on benign breast disease compared with cancer. Wire placement and detect more conservative surgery of breast cancer with good prognosis without nodules measuring <1 cm (5-year survival rate 80-90%). Hint current standard states that: 1. Women should do breast self examination every month. 2. Doctors need to do a breast examination opportunistic. 3. Mammography should be performed every 1-3 years. And every year in those who suffer from breast cancer earlier. atypical ductal hyperplasia or a strong history of breast cancer in the family.

Risk factors for breast cancer: Determination that some genetically inherited breast cancer has raised questions about genetic screening. Currently, the examination of BRCA-1 and -2 may be offered to young women with a history of strong will of the family with breast and ovarian hanker occurring at a young age. The best treatment to those who found that genes are not clear although preventive surgery (mastectomy and oophorectomy and tamoxifen) appears promising.

Artis Singapore Cantik

Artis Singapore Cantik Malignant tumor nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CARCINOMA nasopharynx: a nasopharyngeal carcinoma in ENT carcinoma most commonly found. Most patients came to the ENT specialist in a state of late or already an advanced stage. The case is more in men than women, with an average age of 30-50 years. Factors that Influence. The cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is not known with certainty, but there are some things that allegedly affect the occurrence of carcinoma, ie factors: (1). Racial, and is a common disease in ethnic Chinese. (2). Carcinogenic materials, such as cigarette smoke. (3). Epstein-Barr virus, which is thought to act as a cause of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (4). Chronic irritation, eg due to chronic nasofaringitis stimulation accompanied by smoke, and alcohol.

(5). Hormonal, the presence of high estrogen in the body. Distribution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. According to histopathology is (a) well differentiated epidermoid carcinoma with type berkeratin and non-keratin, (b) non-differentiated epidermoid carcinoma (anaplastic carcinoma), transitional type, limfoepitelioma, and carcinoma adenosistik. According to the forms and how to grow there are 3 types of ulcerative, eksofitik (growing out as polyps) and endofitik (grown under the mucosa, a little bit higher than the surrounding tissue) or commonly called creeping tumor. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be found on Rosenmulleri fossa, around the fallopian Eustachius, the rear wall of the nasopharynx, and the roof of the nasopharynx.

Symptoms : Carcinoma of the nasopharynx causing: (1). Local symptoms, ie symptoms of runny nose in the form of one or both nostrils continually. Mucus can be mixed with blood or pus that smells. Epistaxis can be a little or a lot, and recurrent, can also only a ripple of mixed blood. Rice unilateral or bilateral obstruction occurs if the tumor grows eksofitik. Ear symptoms eg hearing loss, tinnitus or otitis media purulenta. (2). Symptoms due to grow and spread of tumors is expansive, the tumor grew to the front face filling the nasopharynx and close koane obstruction causing symptoms of rice. Down, urgent palate tumors that occur bombans palate mole mole. Infiltrative nature, upward through the foramen ovale into endokranium, the dura and arise sefalgia great, then be on N. VI, there was diplopia and strabismus. If the N. V, trigeminal neuralgia occurs with symptoms of severe headache in the face, around the eyes, nose, upper jaw, lower jaw, and tongue. N. III and N. IV occurred oftalmoplegia ptosis and, in advanced cases the tumor will damage N. IX, X, XI, XII. To the side entrance spasium parafaring tumor, destroying N. IX, X, resulting in paresis mole palate, pharynx, and pharynx with symptoms of regurgitation makananminuman into the pouch of rice, rinolalia aperta, and hoarse voice. If the N. XII, there was deviation of the tongue to the side or swallowing disorders. (3). Symptoms due to metastases via the flow of lymph glands will cause enlargement of the neck (colli tumor) located at the bottom end of the mastoid planum, behind the angle of the mandible, the medial than the upper end of M. Sternokleidomastoid, can be unilateral and bilateral. (4). Symptoms due to metastases via the bloodstream, although rare, will cause distant metastases to the liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, bones and so forth. Based on the above symptoms, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma need to recognize the symptoms early and advanced symptoms. Early symptoms are found when the tumor is still growing within the confines of the nasopharynx, so a local phenomenon caused by the primary tumor (symptoms of nasal and ear symptoms as mentioned above). Symptoms of information obtained when the tumor has grown beyond the nasopharynx, either metastasis or infiltration of the tumor. As a guideline, remember that there is a malignant tumor nasopharyngeal if found triad: (a). Colli tumors, symptoms of ear, nose symptoms. (b). Colli tumors, intracranial symptoms (nerve and Mats), symptoms of the nose or ears. (c). Intracranial symptoms, nasal symptoms, ear symptoms.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosis based on clinical symptoms found in both early and advanced symptoms. Anterior and posterior rinoskopi examination showed a tumor in the nasopharynx. Furthermore, to determine the type of tumor biopsy needs to be done and pathology examination. X-rays and CT-scan of the head if need be made to look into the intracranial metastases. Therapy: (1). Radiation. (2). Sitostatica. Prognosis: In the early stages of both, patients can live more than 5 years, but at an advanced stage of less than 3 years.